LED berkedip adalah langkah pertama yang ingin Anda lakukan
untuk memulai dengan elektronik. Pada tutorial kali ini kita akan menghubungkan
LED dengan ATmega32 yang merupakan mikrokontroler seri AVR. Kita akan mengedipkan
LED dengan kecepatan 2 detik.
Components
Required
Hardware:
ATmega32A Microcontroller
Power supply (5v)
AVR-ISP Programmer
LED
100uF Capacitor
220 Ohm
Software
Codevision AVR
Progisp or flash magic
Circuit
and Working Explanation
Seperti yang ditunjukkan pada diagram rangkaian di atas
untuk menghubungkan LED dengan mikrokontroler AVR, tidak perlu menghubungkan
kristal eksternal di sini. Karena ATMEGA bekerja pada osilator
Resistor-Kapasitor internal 16 MHz secara default. Hanya ketika keakuratan jam
diperlukan, sebagai penerapan penghitungan presisi tinggi, kristal eksternal
dipasang. Saat pengontrol pertama kali dibeli, pengontrol ini menyatu untuk
bekerja pada kristal internal secara default.
Resistor dihubungkan di sini untuk membatasi gambar arus
dari LED. Ingat, pengontrol tidak dapat menyediakan lebih dari 30mA di
terminal.
Programming
Program untuk mikrokontroler ATmega32 untuk berkedip LED
ditunjukkan di bawah ini.menggunakan software CodevisionAVR.
Code
/*******************************************************
This program was created by the CodeWizardAVR V3.49
Automatic Program Generator
© Copyright 1998-2022 Pavel Haiduc, HP InfoTech S.R.L.
http://www.hpinfotech.ro
Project :
Version :
Date : 6/28/2023
Author :
Company :
Comments:
Chip type
: ATmega32A
Program type
: Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 16.000000 MHz
Memory model
: Small
External RAM size
: 0
Data Stack size
: 512
*******************************************************/
// I/O Registers definitions
#include <mega32a.h>
#include <delay.h>
// Declare your global variables here
void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here
// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Function: Bit7=In Bit6=In Bit5=In Bit4=In Bit3=In Bit2=In
Bit1=In Bit0=In
DDRA=(0<<DDA7) | (0<<DDA6) | (0<<DDA5) |
(0<<DDA4) | (0<<DDA3) | (0<<DDA2) | (0<<DDA1) |
(0<<DDA0);
// State: Bit7=T Bit6=T Bit5=T Bit4=T Bit3=T Bit2=T Bit1=T
Bit0=T
PORTA=(0<<PORTA7) | (0<<PORTA6) |
(0<<PORTA5) | (0<<PORTA4) | (0<<PORTA3) | (0<<PORTA2) |
(0<<PORTA1) | (0<<PORTA0);
// Port B initialization
// Function: Bit7=In Bit6=In Bit5=In Bit4=In Bit3=In Bit2=In
Bit1=In Bit0=In
DDRB=(0<<DDB7) | (0<<DDB6) | (0<<DDB5) |
(0<<DDB4) | (0<<DDB3) | (0<<DDB2) | (0<<DDB1) |
(0<<DDB0);
// State: Bit7=T Bit6=T Bit5=T Bit4=T Bit3=T Bit2=T Bit1=T
Bit0=T
PORTB=(0<<PORTB7) | (0<<PORTB6) |
(0<<PORTB5) | (0<<PORTB4) | (0<<PORTB3) | (0<<PORTB2) |
(0<<PORTB1) | (0<<PORTB0);
// Port C initialization
// Function: Bit7=In Bit6=In Bit5=In Bit4=In Bit3=In Bit2=In
Bit1=In Bit0=In
DDRC=(0<<DDC7) | (0<<DDC6) | (0<<DDC5) |
(0<<DDC4) | (0<<DDC3) | (0<<DDC2) | (0<<DDC1) |
(0<<DDC0);
// State: Bit7=T Bit6=T Bit5=T Bit4=T Bit3=T Bit2=T Bit1=T
Bit0=T
PORTC=(0<<PORTC7) | (0<<PORTC6) |
(0<<PORTC5) | (0<<PORTC4) | (0<<PORTC3) | (0<<PORTC2) |
(0<<PORTC1) | (0<<PORTC0);
// Port D initialization
// Function: Bit7=In Bit6=In Bit5=Out Bit4=In Bit3=In
Bit2=In Bit1=In Bit0=In
DDRD=(0<<DDD7) | (0<<DDD6) | (1<<DDD5) |
(0<<DDD4) | (0<<DDD3) | (0<<DDD2) | (0<<DDD1) | (0<<DDD0);
// State: Bit7=T Bit6=T Bit5=0 Bit4=T Bit3=T Bit2=T Bit1=T
Bit0=T
PORTD=(0<<PORTD7) | (0<<PORTD6) |
(0<<PORTD5) | (0<<PORTD4) | (0<<PORTD3) | (0<<PORTD2) |
(0<<PORTD1) | (0<<PORTD0);
// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=0xFF
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=(0<<WGM00) | (0<<COM01) | (0<<COM00)
| (0<<WGM01) | (0<<CS02) | (0<<CS01) | (0<<CS00);
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=0xFFFF
// OC1A output: Disconnected
// OC1B output: Disconnected
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=(0<<COM1A1) | (0<<COM1A0) |
(0<<COM1B1) | (0<<COM1B0) | (0<<WGM11) | (0<<WGM10);
TCCR1B=(0<<ICNC1) | (0<<ICES1) |
(0<<WGM13) | (0<<WGM12) | (0<<CS12) | (0<<CS11) |
(0<<CS10);
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=0xFF
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0<<AS2;
TCCR2=(0<<PWM2) | (0<<COM21) | (0<<COM20)
| (0<<CTC2) | (0<<CS22) | (0<<CS21) | (0<<CS20);
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;
// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=(0<<OCIE2) | (0<<TOIE2) |
(0<<TICIE1) | (0<<OCIE1A) | (0<<OCIE1B) | (0<<TOIE1) |
(0<<OCIE0) | (0<<TOIE0);
// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=(0<<ISC11) | (0<<ISC10) | (0<<ISC01)
| (0<<ISC00);
MCUCSR=(0<<ISC2);
// USART initialization
// USART disabled
UCSRB=(0<<RXCIE) | (0<<TXCIE) | (0<<UDRIE)
| (0<<RXEN) | (0<<TXEN) | (0<<UCSZ2) | (0<<RXB8) |
(0<<TXB8);
// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// The Analog Comparator's positive input is
// connected to the AIN0 pin
// The Analog Comparator's negative input is
// connected to the AIN1 pin
ACSR=(1<<ACD) | (0<<ACBG) | (0<<ACO) |
(0<<ACI) | (0<<ACIE) | (0<<ACIC) | (0<<ACIS1) |
(0<<ACIS0);
SFIOR=(0<<ACME);
// ADC initialization
// ADC disabled
ADCSRA=(0<<ADEN) | (0<<ADSC) | (0<<ADATE)
| (0<<ADIF) | (0<<ADIE) | (0<<ADPS2) | (0<<ADPS1) |
(0<<ADPS0);
// SPI initialization
// SPI disabled
SPCR=(0<<SPIE) | (0<<SPE) | (0<<DORD) |
(0<<MSTR) | (0<<CPOL) | (0<<CPHA) | (0<<SPR1) |
(0<<SPR0);
// TWI initialization
// TWI disabled
TWCR=(0<<TWEA) | (0<<TWSTA) | (0<<TWSTO) |
(0<<TWEN) | (0<<TWIE);
while (1)
{
// Place your
code here
PORTD.5=0;
delay_ms(1000);
PORTD.5=1;
delay_ms(1000);
}
}
VIDEO
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